What is matter composed of?

Matter is fundamentally composed of atoms and molecules. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter; they combine to form molecules, which are groups of two or more atoms bonded together. This structure is essential for creating different substances and materials we encounter in the physical world.

Molecules can vary greatly in complexity, from simple diatomic molecules, such as oxygen (O2), to large macromolecules, like proteins and polymers. Together, atoms and molecules explain the diverse properties and behaviors of matter, making this understanding crucial in the field of chemistry and materials science.

The other options do not accurately describe the composition of matter. For example, while particles encompass atoms and can refer to subatomic components or specific types of matter in certain contexts, they do not provide the complete picture when discussing matter in general terms. Similarly, concepts and energies do not directly relate to the physical structure of matter, which is fundamentally made up of atoms and molecules.