What is a boiling liquid/expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE)?

A boiling liquid/expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) occurs when a pressurized liquid is heated, causing a rapid increase in temperature and pressure. This situation can lead to the liquid transitioning into vapor, resulting in a sudden and violent explosion. A BLEVE typically happens in situations where a container, such as a tank, is subjected to external heat sources, causing the liquid inside to boil and build pressure until the container fails.

The nature of a BLEVE is such that it involves not only the explosion itself but also the violent release of vapor and liquid as the pressure vessel bursts. This phenomenon poses significant hazards due to the high-energy release and the dispersion of flammable liquids or gases. Understanding this concept is crucial for those in emergency response and firefighting, as it informs response strategies and safety measures during incidents involving pressurized vessels.